This seminar unpacks the fundamental theories of international relations—including realism, liberalism, feminism, and Marxism—through the lens of power, sovereignty, and global order. We will trace the origins of the modern state system, from the Westphalian settlement to contemporary geopolitics, and engage with key concepts such as sovereignty, raison d'État, and just war theory. Held every two weeks, the seminar is structured around two core components: an introduction to foundational theories and an in-depth critical discussion of case studies and key readings.