This course covers different answers to the questions of what democracy is, how it can be justified and what consequences it entails for political orders, institutions and processes. We will start by reading and discussing early theories of democracy from the history of political ideas and then turn towards contemporary conceptions of democracy. We will get to know, compare and reflect on the different strands of contemporary democratic theory - liberal, deliberative, republican and radical. We will discuss forms of representative and participatory democracy as well as questions of inclusion and exclusion and the boundaries of democracy and democratic theory. Thus, after getting to know basic conceptions of democracy, we will discuss current theoretical and political challenges to democracy in and beyond the state as well as to democratic theory.