During recent years populism became omnipresent within European societies. While the term is often used to describe „new“ anti-establishment parties or movements, the specific characteristics of populism remain highly disputed. Until today there exists no generally accepted definition and sometimes the term indeed seems to describe highly heterogenous political phenomena. On the one hand, we will ask how populism is conceptualized within the social science research. Are there specific elements which are typical for all forms of populism, is it possible to distinguish different „versions“ of populism and what is the relationship between populism and democracy? On the other hand, we will explore empirical manifestations of populism within Europe and different examples of populist politics are discussed.